湖泊生态系统健康评价方法研究

以生态系统健康、生态系统完整性和湖泊内物质循环为基础,在国内外已有的研究基础上,提出了评价湖泊生态系统健康的方法体系、指标和综合健康指数,评价指标包含外部指标、环境要素状态指标和生态指标,并以滇池为例进行评价.1988年、1994年和2001年,滇池的生态系统健康指数从0 847下降到0 814和0 787,这说明滇池的生态系统健康状况在下降,且已处在一种稳定的富营养化状态.     

城市小型人工湖围隔中生源要素和藻类的时空分布

利用浅水湖泊围隔研究了水华形成过程中生源要素和藻类的分布．结果显示,在围隔内添加磷能促进藻类快速增殖并形成水华．随时间推移,围隔内藻的生物量先升高然后逐渐降低;表层水氮和磷的浓度逐渐下降,其中磷的下降趋势较为明显．在垂直分布上,叶绿素a、总磷、总氮、硝态氮浓度随深度增加而降低;溶解性总磷、氨氮浓度随深度增加而升高．水华期藻类多样性指数下降,优势种主要为蓝藻、绿藻和甲藻,外源磷的添加会使藻类多样性指数提高,但二者并非线性关系．水华期并不是1种藻占绝对优势,有时是2种以上的藻同时爆发．     

提高人工神经网络洪水峰值预报精度的研究

以动量项与学习率自适应调整相结合的改进BP算法作为人工神经网络计算方法，阐述了洪水预报网络模型的构造和数据处理，以及转移函数对洪水预报精度的影响，提出了合理的洪水预报网络模型的设计方案。     

生态床系统处理生活污泥的研究

利用天然沸石和砾石作为生态床系统的人工基质 ,在相同条件下对某生活污水厂污泥进行处理 ,结果表明 ,大多数天然沸石生态床系统对生活污泥的处理效果优于砾石生态床系统     

Implications of Atmospheric Change for Biodiversity of Aquatic Ecosystems in Canada

Overall, the greatest threats to Canadian and global biodiversity are associated with conversions of natural ecosystems to anthropogenic ones, and over-exploitation of biological resources. This circumstance does not, however, trivialize the importance of atmospheric influences. Although scientific understanding of the risks is incomplete, it is nevertheless clear that anthropogenic changes in atmospheric stressors are potentially damaging to biodiversity and other ecological values over medium- and longer-term scales. It is important that greater investments be made in support of longer-term monitoring and research designed to understand the effects of atmospheric and other environmental stressors on the biodiversity and structure and function of Canadian ecosystems.     

A Systems Approach to Biodiversity Conservation Planning

With a recent media-fueled transition from a scientific to a political perspective, biodiversity has become an issue of ethics and ensuing values, beyond its traditional ecological roots. More fundamentally, the traditional perspective of biodiversity is being challenged by the emergence of a post-normal or systems-based approach to science. A systems-based perspective of living systems rests on the central tenets of complexity and uncertainty, and necessitates flexibility, anticipation and adaptation rather than prediction and control in conservation planning and management. What are the implications of this new perspective? This paper examines these challenges in the context of biodiversity conservation planning. The new perspectives of biodiversity are identified and explored, and the emergence of a new ecological context for biodiversity conservation is discussed. From the analysis, the challenges and implications for conservation planning are considered, and a systems-based or post-normal approach to conservation planning and management is proposed. In light of the new perspectives for biodiversity, conservation planning and management approaches should ultimately reflect the essence of living systems: they should be diverse, adaptive, and self-organizing, accepting the ecological realities of change.     

岷江上游退耕还林与生态恢复的问题和对策

退耕还林因地域的差异存在不同的问题。长江上游山区本质属于受干扰山地系统，生态恢复需从多尺度和多角度入手。作为一个契机，退耕还林对生态恢复的作用在持续性和生态性上存在着矛盾和统一，同时也存在不同利益主体之间的博弈。针对岷江上游区域，在分析了社会、生态复杂性的基础上，通过对不同区域的对比，讨论了人工林种植后的生态效应，研究发现抚育较好的人工林生物多样性和土壤质量指数增加，人工林需要加强人为的干预，并根据在该区域的社会经济调查，指出了退耕还林存在的问题并提出了相应的对策。     

Eco-environmental benefit assessment of China's South-North Water Transfer Scheme--the middle route project

This paper assess the eco-environmental benefits that may come from the middle route project of China‘s South-North Water Transfer Scheme(SNWT) with principles and methods of eco-economics and planning reports of SNWT‘s middle route project. Some benefits were calculated in monetary units. To make sure that the results can be comparable with normal monetary indices, concrete assessment objects and the parameters are prudently selected according to the major characteristics of the project and its water import region. Primary assessment revealed that in different project construction stages, the benefit could be more than 13.07 billion RMB Yuan in 2010 and 19.79 billion RMB Yuan in 2030, respectively. The monetary value tends to increase with social-economic development. To realize these potential benefits, however, calls for more endeavors.     

洪泽湖湿地生态服务功能分区及其效益分析

总结了洪泽湖湿地的11种生态服务功能,采用生态服务功能相容性分析方法,将洪泽湖湿地生态系统划分为6个功能区:重要物种栖息区、湖体水产养殖区、水产品精养区、水源供应区、社会文化功能区和污染物降解区,并提出了相应的保护措施。     

2000~2010年长江流域土地利用变化与生态系统服务功能变化

基于2000/2005/2010年三期土地利用现状遥感监测数据，利用GIS空间分析技术，分析长江流域土地利用变化方式、过程、区域特征和生态系统服务功能变化。研究表明：2000~2010年长江流域城乡建设用地、林地和水域面积增长显著，而耕地、草地面积持续减少；耕地减少和城乡建设用地增加相关，草地减少和林地增加相关，水域增加与三峡蓄水及退田还湖相关；四川盆地、中游城市群和长三角城市群等人类活动热点区域的土地利用程度显著提高；受土地利用变化影响，2000~2010年长江流域生态系统服务总价值逐年提高，水源涵养、废物处理和娱乐文化服务功能增强，而土壤形成与保护、食物生产服务功能明显减弱；生态服务价值高值区主要分布在沿江湖泊和湿地，其次是林草地覆盖区，青海高原荒漠区生态服务价值最低。